A degenerative joint disease develops when the protective cartilage in the knee wears down, leading to bone friction that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling.
Chronic Joint Disorder: Common among older adults, knee osteoarthritis progresses slowly with varying symptom intensity.
Clinical Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis
- Pain worsens with activity
- Joint stiffness and swelling
- Discomfort after prolonged rest or sitting
- Audible cracking or grinding sounds during movement
- Sensation of warmth or redness
- Joint deformity or instability
Causes of Knee Osteoarthritis
- Primary: Cartilage degeneration without a specific cause, often due to aging or wear and tear.
- Secondary: Cartilage breakdown linked to factors such as obesity, joint injury, genetic predisposition, or underlying medical conditions.
Risk Factors
- Age, with increased susceptibility in older adults.
- Obesity, which adds pressure on knee joints.
- Genetic predisposition and gender (more common in women over 55).
- Repetitive stress injuries from occupation or sports activities.
- Other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or metabolic disorders.
Diagnosis
- Begins with a physical examination to assess symptoms and joint function.
- Diagnostic tools include X-rays to visualize bone and cartilage damage, MRI scans for detailed imaging when needed, and blood tests to rule out other causes of joint pain.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical:
- Weight loss to reduce joint stress.
- Exercise programs focusing on strengthening and flexibility.
- Pain relief with medications and anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid for symptom relief.
- Use of braces or supports to stabilize the knee.
Surgical Options:
- Arthroscopy to remove damaged tissue and clean the joint.
- Osteotomy to improve knee alignment.
- Joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty) using artificial implants.
Prevention Tips
- Maintain a healthy weight to lessen knee pressure.
- Opt for low-impact exercises and proper footwear.
- Consider supplements like omega-3 fatty acids under medical guidance.
- Avoid heavy lifting and activities that strain the knees.
Best Exercises for Knee Pain Relief
- Clamshells, Bridging, Hip Abduction, Straight Leg Raise, Quadruped Hydrant.
RICE Formula for Managing Knee Pain
- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation to reduce inflammation and swelling.
In conclusion, managing knee osteoarthritis involves a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms and maintain mobility. Lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and proactive healthcare support are key to enhancing quality of life and minimizing the impact of this chronic condition on daily activities.